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ADHD Learn
ADHD Learn

Step 3: ADHD-Specific Interview

Table of contents

Objectives

A complete childhood developmental history is an important part of a comprehensive assessment. Because accurate recollection of childhood symptoms and developmental history is difficult to obtain in adults, it is suggested to obtain, when possible, the point of view of a parent or a close family member who knows the individual’s early history. The CADDRA ADHD Assessment Form offers an optional ADHD interview format and is available in the CADDRA eToolkit. The Diva 2.0 Diagnostic Interview for ADHD in Adults is another tool that can be downloaded at www.divacenter.eu in various languages [46].

In order to do a complete review, explore:

  • Perinatal history (birth weight, complications, maternal alcohol and tobacco usage during pregnancy).
  • Developmental milestones.
  • Medical history (i.e. illnesses, concussions, seizures etc.)
  • Impact of symptoms on learning, socialization and independent functioning.
  • Temperament.
  • Symptoms of ADHD prior to the age of 12.
  • Presence of any life events that were of emotional concern in childhood (e.g., abuse, bullying, divorce, loss, deaths, attachment issues).
  • Content review of the completed forms with the individual and their family.

Practice Point

  • Review the person’s strengths uncovered in the previous steps.
  • Do not rely on ADHD symptoms observed during the interview as obvious symptoms of motor hyperactivity, impulsivity and inattention may not present in a one-to-one or novel situation. If observed during the clinical interview, this often suggests that the symptoms are more severe.
  • Remember that a diagnosis of ADHD is made on symptoms and impairments reported rather than only on direct physician observation.
  • Question not only the nature of the impairment and symptoms but the triggers that allow them to become apparent.
  • Separate out symptoms caused by psychosocial stressors. This can be very difficult, particularly when the patient has suffered significant loss or trauma. It’s important to differentiate any acute onset symptoms that may have been caused by recent stressors, such as loss or trauma, from the more chronic neurobiological symptoms of ADHD.

Suggested Action - At the End of Step 3

  • Order any tests if necessary. If indicated, make referrals for further specialty assessments such as psychology, occupational therapy, speech language pathology, psychiatry or other medical specialists.
  • Request a psychoeducational assessment if a learning disability or other cognitive challenges are suspected.
  • Continue to emphasize the need to learn about ADHD and ensure that individuals and their families are aware of relevant websites for more information, such as: